Gastroenterologist shares that norovirus can cause prolonged effects on gut health, and shares strategies for recovery
Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that inflames the stomach and bowel, leading to acute gastroenteritis. Common in settings like healthcare facilities, schools, and cruise ships, it poses significant health challenges. While most individuals recover within a few days, some may experience prolonged effects on gut health.
With this in mind, Dr Angad Dhillon, a Doctify rated consultant gastroenterologist has shared insights into long-term effects of norovirus and strategies for recovery.
Dr Dhillon shared that “Norovirus is often called ‘stomach flu,’ but it’s not related to influenza at all – it’s a completely different virus with unique symptoms and treatment needs. As few as 10 virus particles can cause a norovirus infection, making it one of the most contagious viruses, and symptoms typically appear 12–48 hours after exposure and last 1–3 days.
“While norovirus is often self-limiting, some individuals may experience prolonged effects, such as post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), gut microbiota imbalance, and chronic infection of immunocompromised individuals.
Long-term effects of norovirus might include:
Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS) – Up to 30% of people who experience severe gastroenteritis may develop PI-IBS. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits that can persist for weeks or months. Some research has found that prolonged infection and psychological stress are key risk factors. PI-IBS is a diagnosis of exclusion meaning that other conditions such as lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease and secondary infections need to be excluded first
Gut microbiota imbalance – Norovirus infects enterocytes, the cells that line the intestines. This damage impairs the gut’s barrier function and its ability to absorb nutrients, while also disrupting the balance of beneficial gut bacteria. As a result, individuals may experience digestive issues such as bloating and irregular bowel movements
Chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals – Those with weakened immune systems may experience prolonged viral shedding, resulting in chronic diarrhoea and weight loss
Dr Dhillon added that “Recovery from norovirus isn’t just about waiting for symptoms to stop – actively supporting your gut’s healing process can prevent long-term issues. To support recovery and restore gut health after norovirus, specific advice around hydration, diet, probiotics and monitoring symptoms should be adhered to.
To support recovery:
Hydration: Consume oral rehydration solutions, broths, or coconut water to replace lost fluids
Diet: Start with bland, easily digestible foods like rice, bananas, and toast. Gradually reintroduce fibre-rich foods as tolerated
Probiotics: Having consulted a healthcare professional, consider supplements containing strains like Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii, which have been shown in some studies to reduce post-infectious symptoms and restore gut balance faster
Monitor Symptoms: If digestive issues persist beyond 2–4 weeks, seek medical attention to rule out complications such as PI-IBS
Dr Dhillon added that “norovirus is a common but preventable cause of gastroenteritis. By understanding its transmission, recognising symptoms, and implementing proper care and hygiene practices, individuals can recover effectively and minimise the risk of spreading the virus. If symptoms persist or worsen, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable”.
